The Highest Elevation Points in Each U.S. State

The Highest Elevation Points in Each U.S. State The United States of America is the third-biggest nation on the planet dependent on populace and land territory. It has an absolute territory of 3,794,100 square miles separated into 50 states. The geology of the states fluctuates from the level, low-lying territories of Florida to the rough rocky western states like Alaska and Colorado. The Highest Points In the U.S. This rundown takes note of the most noteworthy point in each state:â The Frozen North: Mount McKinley (or Denali) at 20,320 feet (6,193 m)California: Mount Whitney at 14,495 feet (4,418 m)Colorado: Mount Elbert at 14,433 feet (4,399 m)Washington: Mount Rainier at 14,411 feet (4,392 m)Wyoming: Gannett Peak at 13,804 feet (4,207 m)Hawaii: Mauna Kea at 13,796 feet (4,205 m)Utah: Kings Peak at 13,528 feet (4,123 m)New Mexico: Wheeler Peak at 13,161 feet (4,011 m)Nevada: Boundary Peak at 13,140 feet (4,005 m)Montana: Granite Peak at 12,799 feet (3,901 m)Idaho: Borah Peak at 12,662 feet (3,859 m)Arizona: Humphreys Peak at 12,633 feet (3,850 m)Oregon: Mount Hood at 11,239 feet (3,425 m)Texas: Guadalupe Peak at 8,749 feet (2,667 m)South Dakota: Harney Peak at 7,242 feet (2,207 m)North Carolina: Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet (2,037 m)Tennessee: Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m)New Hampshire: Mount Washington at 6,288 feet (1,916 m)Virginia: Mount Rogers at 5,729 feet (1,746 m)Nebraska: Panorama Point at 5,426 feet (1,654 m)New York: Mount Marcy at 5,344 fe et (1,628 m) Maine: Katahdin at 5,268 feet (1,605 m)Oklahoma: Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m)West Virginia: Spruce Knob at 4,861 feet (1,481 m)Georgia: Brasstown Bald at 4,783 feet (1,458 m)Vermont: Mount Mansfield at 4,393 feet (1,339 m)Kentucky: Black Mountain at 4,139 feet (1,261 m)Kansas: Mount Sunflower at 4,039 feet (1,231 m)South Carolina: Sassafras Mountain at 3,554 feet (1,083 m)North Dakota: White Butte at 3,506 feet (1,068 m)Massachusetts: Mount Greylock at 3,488 feet (1,063 m)Maryland: Backbone Mountain at 3,360 feet (1,024 m)Pennsylvania: Mount Davis at 3,213 feet (979 m)Arkansas: Magazine Mountain at 2,753 feet (839 m)Alabama: Cheaha Mountain at 2,405 feet (733 m)Connecticut: Mount Frissell at 2,372 feet (723 m)Minnesota: Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m)Michigan: Mount Arvon at 1,978 feet (603 m)Wisconsin: Timms Hill at 1,951 feet (594 m)New Jersey: High Point at 1,803 feet (549 m)Missouri: Taum Sauk Mountain at 1,772 feet (540 m)Iowa: Hawkeye Point at 1,670 feet (509 m)Ohio: Campbell Hill at 1,549 feet (472 m) Indiana: Hoosier Hill at 1,257 feet (383 m)Illinois: Charles Mound at 1,235 feet (376 m)Rhode Island: Jerimoth Hill at 812 feet (247 m)Mississippi: Woodall Mountain at 806 feet (245 m)Louisiana: Driskill Mountain at 535 feet (163 m)Delaware: Ebright Azimuth at 442 feet (135 m)Florida: Britton Hill at 345 feet (105 m)

Strategy And Structure in Organizations

Procedure And Structure in Organizations Procedure is an incorporated and composed arrangement of responsibilities activities intended to abuse center capabilities increase an upper hand. Association structure Association structure determines the organizations formal detailing connections, techniques, controls and authority, dynamic procedure. So association structure incorporates three segments: Authoritative structure: This structure implies division of work in the association. This incorporates partitioning work into assignments or jobs, for example, activities, coordinations and transportation, and preparing, and recombining them into authoritative units, e.g., branches, offices or divisions as per mission, work, as well as district. The structure delineated in association diagrams, including tables of association and hardware is the regulatory structure. Duty structure: This incorporates division of obligation position to people inside the association. Control structure: This incorporates associations arrangement of estimating and assessing execution based on authoritative structure duty structure. Connection among Strategy and Structure There are two principle sees on the connection among technique and structure. As per Alfred Chandler structure follows procedure. Late research has scrutinized the view that structure consistently follows technique, and contended rather that procedure frequently follows structure. This subsequent view, that system follows structure, depends on the possibility that directors previously working inside a specific hierarchical structure will underestimate the structure and just consider methodologies that will fit with the current structure. Joining these two contentions we can say that Strategy structure have a corresponding relationship. Association structure is a basic part of successful procedure execution process. Accomplishment of a firm relies upon how well an organizations business technique is coordinated to its authoritative structure. Building up an association structure that successfully bolsters the organizations procedure is troublesome. For effective usage of association system, an association structure ought to have following qualities: Auxiliary security This gives the firm an ability to viably deal with its day by day work schedules. Auxiliary adaptability This gives the firm a chance to investigate serious prospects at that point distribute assets to exercises that will shape the upper hands the firm should be fruitful in future. Anyway technique affects structure than turn around. In any case, toward the end association structure ought to give sufficient strength adaptability that is important for effective usage of technique. Technique that a firm chooses to follow will oversee the choice about the association structure that will be reasonable for the firm yet once set up association structure impacts the decision about future systems due to hierarchical idleness got from association structure that restrains endeavors to change. Developmental example of authoritative structure system Pre-bureaucratic structures This is the easiest type of structure is normally founded on customary or magnetic predominance. Structure is completely concentrated needs normalization of assignments. This is helpful in overseeing basic errands. Bureaucratic structures It has certain level of normalization is helpful in overseeing somewhat increasingly complex enormous scope associations. Utilitarian structures Structure is increasingly normalized brought together. Association is partitioned into isolated practical divisions workers inside a specific division perform explicit capacities. This sort of structure is valuable in firms that give normalized products administrations requiring little to no effort in high volume. Divisional structure This is likewise called as item structure. Association is separated into divisions every division has its own assets capacities. Divisions can be founded on topographies or items/administrations. Lattice structure This structure consolidates the highlights of both practical divisional structure. Characterizing the procedure technique usage process Procedure plan As talked about before technique has more significant impact on structure than switch. So at whatever point a firm beginnings a business it chooses about what procedure it needs to follow. Extensively there are four distinctive business methodologies that organizations follow: Miner The essential test that these organizations face is to recognize abuse new chances of industry their essential ability is advancement. Analyser-Analysers are quick adherents. They intently screen client responses contender exercises either enhance effective contender item contributions or offer practically identical items at decreased expense. Minimal effort protectors These organizations normally target stable portions of market. Their primary accentuation is on proficiency through normalized works on giving minimal effort items instead of development. Separated protectors These organizations additionally target stable sections of market however their accentuation is on top notch separated items as opposed to ease. System execution Association structure shapes a basic execution measurement. Three significant highlights whereupon association structure is based are formalization, centralisation, normalization. Formalization-This is how much choices functioning relations are administered by formal guidelines. Formal standards bring down the regulatory cost increment proficiency. Firms that have more noteworthy number of formal principles guidelines are called robotic firms with less proper standards are called natural. Centralization-This characterizes how much dynamic authority is held by top administration. In incorporated associations lines of correspondence duty are clear characterized. Choices are typically made by top administration usage way is unmistakably characterized. This sort of structure is followed in generally steady, non-complex conditions. In decentralized associations sees thoughts may start from various gatherings. Dynamic force is scattered in the association. This kind of structure is successful in complex conditions. Specialization-This characterizes degree to which undertakings and exercises are partitioned in the association. Pro firms direct their endeavors to a very much characterized set of exercises. Generalist firms then again are increasingly assorted in their exercises. Firms following distinctive business techniques typically vary on level of formalization, centralization specialization of hierarchical structure. Connection between Environment, Resources, Strategy and Structure Procedure and structure are powerfully related by old style model. E= Environment, R=Resource(capabilities) S=Strategy St=Sttructure Ti= Time The idea of the earth (Et1) and the Resources (Rt1) of the association impact the technique (St1) picked at time t1, and in this turn decides the hierarchical structure (St1). At that point the development of nature and additionally of the association achieves another technique and another structure. The specked lines demonstrate that all the time firms attempt to meet the ecological and basic requests without understanding that they have verifiably embraced another methodology. Technique becomes out of structure and thusly may prompt its adjustment. Source:http___www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=ArticleFilename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0860100201 Consumes and Stalker (1961) see structure as a procedure in itself a methods for holding together an association with the goal that it can decide its own fate. Associations that work in progressively changing and questionable conditions will in general need natural/adaptable structures and procedures while increasingly stable situations loan themselves to progressively recognizable unthinking bureaucratic structures. Eccles et al. (1997) show a portion of the fundamental elements of authoritative structure which give: a proper portion of work rules; channels for community oriented working; limits of power and lines of correspondence; a methods for allotting force and obligation; prescriptive degrees of convention and unpredictability. Technique and Structure Alignment Source: Emerald database Strategy-Structure Alignment A significant administration obligation is to structure and execute the vital authoritative structure most appropriate to the requests of its commercial center, clients, and plan of action. Since your rivals basically approach a similar data and may have created comparable systems, it is imperative to think about authoritative plan as one of your most remarkable vital weapons. Procedure Structure Alignment follows four stages: Appraisal: Data is assembled on system, association and the business condition utilizing interviews, authentic research (of arranging archives, execution contemplates, and so forth), and perceptions. Information is sorted out into issue classes and took care of back to the executives such that bolsters approval and learning. The board agrees on key issues and issues, causal elements and authoritative prerequisites. Plan: The plan procedure experiences a progression of configuration steps including scale and influence appraisal, the plan of vertical other options and parallel procedures and structures, sway investigation, and so forth. Each progression is outfitted to execute methodology and address association and social issues. Choices Choice: Changes in association depend on a choice from among a lot of options. Since any authoritative structure calls for exchange offs, the choices are worked through conversations that attention on the focal points and drawbacks of each, their fit with prerequisites, and the effect of execution, and so forth. Much of the time the hierarchical plan that is. The sorts of issues that can be tended to include: à ¢Ã¢â€š?

Senior Ball 2007

Senior Ball 2007 The 2007 Senior Ball was last Saturday night, and as a member of the planning committee, I feel it is my duty to share with you all the exciting event secrets. Seniors took a break from their theses to celebrate, among other things, the first two consecutive days of nice weather since November. The ball was titled As Time Goes By and the theme was Casablanca We held it at the Boston Sheraton In this picture, the Sheraton is the building with the red lights directly to the right of the Prudential Tower A stock shot of a ballroom, all dolled up Here are the 10 awesome members of the Senior Ball planning committee. Yes, were all girls. The odds are good Here are Cathie and Kavita, who focused on design for the event. Notice the casablanca lilies!!1!!cos(0)!! I applaud your careful attention to detail, ladies Crazy tents People love them!! Lost in the drapery Sorry for all these tent photos. They were amazing. For table centerpieces, we ordered Moroccan lanterns. They dont look like much in these photographs, but they created a nice feeling at the tables, no? (Especially when they illuminate butter) Dinner tables Our gift/party favor was a cocktail shaker. Fun yet practical During dinner, we had a jazz band play And then a DJ for post-dinner dancing People go nuts Five points if you can spot the rock star formerly known as Bryan in this picture Some creative folks took pre-event pictures in Killian Court, where we will graduate in less than a month. Sniff With Jeanna 07, co-president of the Undergraduate Economics Association (UEA) With Courtney 09 and Adam 07 Many photographers OMG Sam in a tux **Many thanks to Gheorghe 07, from whom I stole many of these pictures**

Sleep And It s Effects On The Brain - 1409 Words

Sleep and It s Effects on the Brain Sleep is an essential aspect of life, and though most people tend to enjoy it quite a bit, it is often pushed aside and replaced with wasteful activities. In the past, people used to believe that the soul left the body during sleep. However, today, scientists have discovered that sleep is, in fact, necessary to function normally. When the body s natural circadian (sleep/wake) cycle is interrupted, one may feel drowsy, moody, unfocused, and distant. On average, most adults require around 7-9 hours of sleep per night, and any less than that will result in very serious consequences (Hirshkowitz, Max. â€Å"How Much Sleep Do We Really Need?†). A lack of sleep can cause irritability, increased stress,†¦show more content†¦Hirshkowitz (â€Å"How Much Sleep Do We Really Need?†): Stage 1 Between being awake and falling asleep Light sleep Stage 2 Onset of sleep Becoming disengaged from surroundings Breathing and heart rate are regular Body temperature drops (so sleeping in a cool room is helpful) Stages 3 and 4 Deepest and most restorative sleep Blood pressure drops Breathing becomes slower Muscles are relaxed Blood supply to muscles increases Tissue growth and repair occurs Energy is restored Hormones are released, such as: Growth hormone, essential for growth and development, including muscle development These four stages are known as NREM, the deeper of the two main sleep stages, NREM and REM, which alternate through the night. During REM sleep, the brain is active, the eyes rapidly twitch under the eyelids, the muscles are inactive, and a person may have dreams. The alternation of NREM and REM sleep gives the mind time to store memories, prepare for the day ahead, release hormones, wash away toxins, and rejuvenate itself. Without proper NREM and REM sleep, some very harmful things can occur to both the body and mind. First, when the body is sleep deprived, many important functions are slowed or impeded. The metabolism slows down, and in some cases a lack of sleep can trigger overeating and even Type 2 Diabetes (Hirshkowitz, Max. â€Å"The Link Between a Lack of Sleep and Type 2 Diabetes.†). According to Lyuster, â€Å"Melatonin suppression due toShow MoreRelatedSleep Is The Body s Way Of Cleansing1556 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is essential; every living things needs sleep. Sleep is the body s way of cleansing itself; without it our bodies could not function. Sleep has multiple health benefits effecting every aspect of our lives; sleep is so essential for the body that humans spend 1/3 of their lives asleep. Humans have been fascinated with sleep throughout history; several early scientist like Aristotle in 350 CE who formed a hypothesis that sleep was a form of physical renewal (Borel, 2014). Humans know littleRead MoreSleep Is An Important Part Of Everyday Life Of A Human Being1704 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is an important part of the everyday life of a human being. There are multiple sleep cycles but in the process one of the most important stages is known as REM Sleep. REM also known as rapid eye movement is the very unique phase of sleep where the eyes begin to randomly move, and the extremities of the body become paralyzed while vivid dreaming begins to occur. This stage is the the most important for the consolidation of different memories and also in facial recognition and other mental processesRead MoreLack Of Sleep Causes Major Changes In Physiology And Brain1481 Words   |  6 PagesLack of sleep causes major changes in physiology and brain function, and can even change brain tissue (Luce 94). A man once went through multiple days of no sleep to figure out the exact effects. After 160 hours of no sleep, the man would forget what he did moments before. He would become distracted by small noises, and he could not perform simple tasks without a lot of struggling (Kastner 93). â€Å"At 220 hours, Michaels could barely talk and had to be held up when he walked.†...â€Å"After fourteen hoursRead MoreRunning Head How Does Sleep Or Rest Improve Memory?1711 Words   |  7 Pages Running head HOW DOES SLEEP OR REST IMPROVE MEMORY? 1 2 HOW DOES SLEEP OR REST IMPROVE MEMORY? How Does Sleep or Rest Improve Memory? Name: Instructor: Institution: Class: Date: Introduction The strategic adaptation of organisms involves essential phenomena such as the ability to form memories, which is critical to the dynamic environmental demands. Theories and research studies indicating that sleep is beneficial to memory have had a continuous and long history datingRead MoreWhat Is Sleep And Why Do You Need It? Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages12-6-16 P2 What is sleep and why do you need it? People have many different theories of why we need it but if we don’t sleep how can it hurt us. Many people can be affected by different amounts of sleep. So how can you get better sleep or even just less without feeling the effects or tiredness. So how can sleep really affect your mood? Sleep has been linked to many different theories of why we sleep. One of the first ever Theron s the inactivity theory, this describes sleep as protection fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1182 Words   |  5 PagesFor those who work long shifts; For those who try to compensate for their lack of sleep during the weekends; For those who simply like to stay up all night: lack of sleep could cause irreparable brain damage. Deprivation of long-term sleep hours could weaken brain energy even after days of sleep recovery. And it could be a sign of permanent brain damage. The consequences of not sleeping or not sleeping enough are serious, not only for the person who is not resting enough, but also for the peopleRead MoreEssay about The Importance and Intricacies of Sleep990 Words   |  4 Pages Sleep Sleep is the time when people’s brain is very active. Sleep takes more effects to the brain in infancy through childhood. During these periods of the life span the brain develops a lot while sleeping, which is why they fall into deeper sleep. During infancy the first year is the most drastic change of the baby’s sleeping pattern. Infants do not sleep throughout the night since they have not yet developed a sleep cycle yet (Lampl). Infants sleep from 12-18 hours a day. In a study done toRead MoreEvidence Suggesting Three Plausible Functions Of Sleep1312 Words   |  6 PagesSuggesting Three Plausible Functions of Sleep† This essay focuses on evaluating three functions of sleep. These functions include mental health (Jackowska et al, 2011), cardiovascular disease (Kronholm et al, 2011) and memory (Hu et al, 2006). The key aspects are explained in detail with regards to studies. The findings from the studies will help justify the function and it’s involvement with sleep. Sleep is important for an individual’s well being, survival, brain development, emotional regulation,Read MoreThe Relationship Between Sleep Deprivation And The Human Body1237 Words   |  5 PagesJason Sohn WRS 102 Roger Graves October 9, 2015 Annotated Bibliography: The relationship between sleep deprivation and the human body The act of sleeping is well acknowledged as an essential and healthy part of every human being s life. Until the 1950s, sleep was widely believed to be a passive act that every human had to go through at night. Through extensive study and research, scientists have learned that sleeping affects our physical and emotional functioning during the day, including mentalRead MoreCause And Effect Of Sleep Deprivation984 Words   |  4 Pagesand Effect Lack of sleep has been known to make a person grumpy and foggy, but those are not the only things resulted for sleep deprivation. The effects of not getting more than seven or more hours of sleep can also impact a person s memory, sex life, looks, health, and even weight. Staying up all night may seem like a good idea, however, a person might want to realize the true consequences of staying up late and reconsider depriving themselves of their sleep. Accidents are a huge effect of lack

Essay on Frances Welfare System - 954 Words

The welfare system in France is founded on the principle of solidarity. Solidarity is sense of the responsibility of the individuals in the society to help each other out. This is all for the common good (Spicker). In order to promote solidarity, France has a welfare system that includes universal entitlements, social insurance, means-tested public assistance, and tax expenditures programs. One aspect of the French welfare system is universal entitlements. One universal entitlement under the French welfare system is health insurance. Every citizen in Frances is able to have healthcare insurance. For those citizens that are employed, the employer and employee both finance the insurance. However, the government pays for the health care of†¦show more content†¦However, this assistance ends once the child becomes three years old (Evans 1997). Means-test public assistance is one way the French promote the principle of solidarity. Social insurance is also a different facet of the welfare system in France. One example of social insurance is unemployment insurance. If one loses their job, the person receives 35% of the income that he or she received while employed. For those that are unable to work due to age or disabilities, the government has an assistance program in place. The French also have a pension system that is similar to Social Security in the United States. The system is a â€Å"pay as you go† one. Both the employer and employee give to this pension fund. Once the individual is old enough, he or she will receive this retirement money (Wingert). One more feature the French welfare state is tax expenditure programs. An example of a tax expenditure that is found in France is a tax benefit for married couples. There are many more established tax expenditures; one of which is for those with children. In fact, there are so many tax expenditures that France spends over 0.5% of its gross domestic product on tax breaks just towards the family. Tax expenditures programs are another part the France’s welfare system (Bentolila 2011). Like most wealthy countries, France was affected by the Great Recession; however, France was not â€Å"hit† as hard asShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Globalization Of The United States1102 Words   |  5 PagesWhile Gross domestic product (GDP) is the size of a states’ total annual economic activity. France’s GNP fluctuated in the early 20th century because of the events posed upon the country. In the table below we are able to get a sense of how the economy of France does in the 20ths century and it is clear that their post-World War II interval is the most successful. It is that specific time frame in which France’s economy starts to flourish. 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Ideologies A policy is devised by politicians who have certain belifs on how a society must be governed. Politicians with similar belifs come together to represent an ideology which then is presented for the constituents who decide which idealsRead MoreThe Articles Of The Draft Of Capitulation1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Articles of Capitulation signed 1760 marked the concluding chapter of France’s hegemony in North America. By 1764 the French possession of Ile Royale and Ile St.Jean along with their prize colony of Quebec were handed over to Great Britain. Therefore, why are these articles important in contemporary society and does it indicate British hegemony in Canada? The Articles of Capitulation of Montreal in 1760 was a diplomatic tool used by the British military command to supplant the military forcesRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1133 Words   |  5 PagesNapoleon saw an opportunity coming and took it, he planned a coup detat against the directory and es tablished a consulate. Named as the first consul, Napoleon strives to improve France’s conditions. Napoleon Bonaparte not only endorsed the ideals of the French Revolution, but he also sustained them by improving France’s economy, promoting Meritocracy, and lastly renounced egalitarianism for everyone. Napoleon fulfilled the French Revolution’s idea of equality through the economy. With the supportRead MoreHealth Care Funding : France And The United States1167 Words   |  5 Pagesexample, tax deductions for private medical coverage are allowed by the U.S. Treasury. France’s health care system is a combination of public and private health care insurance. All NHI funds come from private organizations which are responsible for providing a public service. They are supervised by the government ministry that oversees French social security. NHI is an important part of France’s social security system of pensions, family allowances and health insurance/workplace accident coverage. PensionsRead MoreGovernment s Intervention On Healthcare System1031 Words   |  5 Pages Tsebelis (1995) offered veto player framework to understand why public policy changes in particular political system. This framework offers more detail explanation on the public policy changes than other institutional theory, because veto player framework focuses on the actor instead of the institutions. This paper reviews three articles on welfare state’s policy change. Using the veto player framework, the three articles give the similar conclusion that in orde r to change the public policy,Read MoreComparison Between Health Systems And The United States And France Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Health Systems: The United States and France Introduction In this paper, the health care systems of the United States and France will be compared. The topics that will be discussed are health statistics and costs, health care and financing, health care administration, and human resources. Data will be provided to each pertaining country, and both countries will be compared. The reason France was chosen to be compared to the United States is that the World Health Organization (WHO)Read More Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pagesshould be free to make bargains with each other and that the law should enforce such contracts if necessary. This became legalized in the year 1871 and by the year 1875 picketing also became legal. By the year 1884 these unions became legalized by France’s Third Republic and also in Germany in 1890. These unions became corporations able to own property and to sue and be sued. This enabled these unions to protect their funds from defaulting officials. By mid way throug h the century the main focus ofRead MoreHealthcare in the United States998 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of the U.S. Constitution is stated in the Preamble: to promote the general welfare of the people†¦ People without healthcare may suffer from stress, anxiety, and sickness and these problems costs society billions in medical costs and creates bankruptcies Giving access to all citizens can be done by following Germany and Frances policies TWO: Should government be more aggressive in reshaping the healthcare system or let it go on the way it is? This question has already been answered; the Obama

The Views On Womens Roles History Essay Free Essays

string(135) " Receiving them into the castle, she founded a glorious chapel for the sanctum Protomartr, and in it she deposited the sanctum relics\." An mean adult female in the fifth and 6th centuries of the Byzantine Empire did non hold a large function in public society.[ 1 ]In fact, it was common for her to non be seen in public at all. It was standard for Byzantine adult females to acquire married around 12 to thirteen old ages old due to an ordered matrimony chosen by her parents. We will write a custom essay sample on The Views On Womens Roles History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once married she spent most of her clip at place. Occasionally a adult female was allowed to go forth her place to go to to church, festivals, matrimonies, births, visit dealingss, or travel to public baths. These were the lone activities in society acceptable where a adult female could to go forth her house.[ 2 ]However, if a adult female must venture outside, she must hold her face covered by a head covering at all times and be accompanied by a adult male. Though head coverings were seldom shown in Byzantine graphics, this was a societal criterion for adult females. The erosion of head coverings frequently represented the difference between an honorable adult females and a cocotte.[ 3 ] Even in her ain place, a Byzantine adult female had to digest gender inequalities. During repasts she was non allowed to dine with work forces foreign of her dealingss. More frequently than non, she would be eating entirely separate from work forces.[ 4 ]For her instruction, she was taught accomplishments merely utile for a house married woman. If a adult female was in in-between to upper category, she was normally taught to read, compose, and sing.[ 5 ]Womans of royalty nevertheless, were given the chance to analyze medical specialty and natural scientific disciplines with bookmans in their tribunals.[ 6 ]However instruction was normally 2nd quality compared to the instruction given to work forces. Womans could easy be described as â€Å" cloistered as captives, † though her prison walls were merely the unseeable judgements and regulations cast by society.[ 7 ] Most adult females could non take part in political relations. A adult female could non even attest in tribunal for fright that her testimony would be easy influenced by her hubby or brother. It is merely in rare instances where a adult male was non involved that a adult female could attest.[ 8 ]Despite what small influence and regard adult females had in public society, through place life a adult female could still easy act upon her ain hubby, boies, brothers, and other male dealingss in her place life.[ 9 ]This influence could be subtle in a little Byzantine household or highly considerable if she was the married woman of the emperor. Unlike work forces who could lift up to a political place through military, or the church, for a adult females to derive political power she had either be born or marry into nobility. Born in 399 A.D, Empress Pulcheria was the eldest girl of Emperor Arcadius.[ 10 ]She was a devoted Christian that paved her manner into power through her influence over her younger brother Theodosios II. She finally received the rubric of Augusta ( Empress ) which was the highest place a adult female of relation to the Emperor could draw a bead on to.[ 11 ]Pulcheria was merely two old ages older than Theodosios II but had a great influence over him all his life. Though Pulcheria was the eldest Born into royalty, she did non hold much power as she would if she had been born male. Even with this gender disadvantage, she was highly intelligent. At the age of 16, she swore a vow of celibacy and besides influenced her younger sisters to make the same.[ 12 ]This was a manner to prolong power that would be lost if she was forced into matrimony every bit good as halt the competition to her brother ‘s throne.[ 13 ]The concluding she gave for her actions was due to her Christian destiny, comparing the Virgin Mary as her celestial opposite number.[ 14 ]Figure 1 depicts an ivory alleviation known as The Translation of Relics Ivory dating around the twelvemonth 420 A.D.[ 15 ]and was acquired by the Trier Cathedral in 1844.[ 16 ]The carving step 13.1 ten 26.1 ten 2.3 centimeter and has been cut to a deepness of 2 centimeter[ 17 ]. The Byzantines loved tusk and normally imported it from India and Africa. The tusk of this specific piece has been speculated to hold been imported from Africa do to its larger size.[ 18 ]The Translation of Relics Ivory depicts a emanation of people in the streets followed by two priests siting a chariot pulled by mules. Leading this emanation is an Emperor keeping a taper and ready to have the relics is an Empress keeping a cross in forepart of church doors. In the background are looker-ons heartening beckoning incense and a church which is still under building, still being complete for the relics to be topographic point into. For many old a ges, the supporters in this alleviation have been unidentifiable. Historians have compared the lives of Justin II, Maurice, and Phocas and their married womans but found no historical grounds which relates them to this scene.[ 19 ]In the late seventies, The Translation of Relics Ivory has been identified by historiographers, Kenneth G. Holum and Gary Vikan that the characters in this alleviation are likely Empress Pulcheria, her brother Emperor Theodosios II and the relics given are the castanetss of Saint Stephen. The historiographers deducted this from written grounds of a chronicler of the 9th century named Theophanes Confessor. In his narration he wrote: Under the influence of the blest Pulcheria, the pious Theodosius sent a rich contribution to the archbishop of Jerusalem for distribution to the needy, and besides a aureate cross studded with cherished rocks to be erected on Golgotha. In exchange for these gifts, the archbishop dispatched relics of the right arm of Stephen Protomaryr, in the attention of St. Passarion†¦ [ Pulcheria ] arose taking her brother with her and went to recognize the sanctum relics. Receiving them into the castle, she founded a glorious chapel for the sanctum Protomartr, and in it she deposited the sanctum relics. You read "The Views On Womens Roles History Essay" in category "Essay examples"[ 20 ] The narrative matched absolutely with the description of The Translation of Relics Ivory every bit good as another found narration which proved that the castanetss of Saint Stephen had in fact appeared outside Jerusalem that clip in December 416 and subsequently went under control of the bishop.[ 21 ]The church under building is believed to be a church of St. Stephen.[ 22 ]An interesting item to The Translation of Relics Ivory is the composing of the piece. The full focal point of the image is on Pulcheria instead than the Emperor Theodosios II, her brother. Even Theodosios ‘ alleviation is still a spot further back than hers, as he is standing right following to her. This is a immense representation of Pulcheria ‘s power as she is the centre of attending opposed to the Emperor himself. In her life-time, Pulcheria had commissioned several new churches, most dedicated to her frequenter saint the Virgin Mary. It was good known that Virgin Mary profoundly impacted her life to remaining openly celibate for God. However during the 5th century the Virgin Mary was non a major figure in Constantinople.[ 23 ]Her pick for the Virgin Mary as her frequenter was non to progress adult females but merely acquire rid of the stigma that adult females were the â€Å" expletive of Eve † , a expletive which claimed that adult females where responsible for original wickedness.[ 24 ]It was besides due to Pulcheria ‘s influence that the Virgin Mary would be once more be known non merely as the â€Å" Mother of Christ † ( christotokos ) but the â€Å" Mother of God † ( theotokos ) when the statement was overturned.[ 25 ]Pulcheria ‘s most well-know church to the Virgin Mary is the Church of Saint Mary of Blacherne, which has besides been depicted in literatu re with names such as the Panagia of Blachernae and the Blachernae Monastery. The church started building in 450 A.D. and was finished by her hubby Marcian after Pulcheria ‘s decease in 453 A.D.[ 26 ]The church was built around a preexistent sacred spring called the Ayazma of Blacherne.[ 27 ]It is besides said that Christians of Jerusalem had contributed a robe that belonged to the Virgin Mary as a relic for the church,[ 28 ]though other beginnings province that the robe was stolen.[ 29 ]Figure 2 shows the church before its 2nd fire, and Figure 3 shows the current modern church after being rebuilt. The church focused around images of the Virgin Mary, which led to much devastation of its icons during the reign of Constantine V.[ 30 ]The church foremost burnt down in 1070 from a fire but was rebuilt once more utilizing its old floor programs.[ 31 ]The church was wholly burned down yet once more in 1434, this clip from a careless fire caused by kids trailing pigeons on its roofs. [ 32 ]By the clip Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, the Church of Saint Mary of Blachernae no longer existed and the people of Constantinople had to turn to different mediums for the protection Virgin Mary ‘s icons.[ 33 ] Figure 3 shows Icon of the Virgin Blachernitissa. In 626 A.D. , the Blachernitissa was credited for the protecting the metropolis from an Avar onslaught every bit good as an Arab besieging in 717. Thus this relic ‘s repute grew to be known as a powerful Byzantine amulet of protection and was kept in the Church of Saint Mary of Blachernae.[ 34 ]Though the figure caput of this icon was a adult female, it had immense fear. The term Blachernitissa was a type of representation of the Virgin Mary named after the Church of Saint Mary of Blachernae.[ 35 ]The icon shows Mary within it and was held in the Church of Saint Mary of Blachernae. The piece was besides within the church during its 1434 fire and was thought to be destroyed. It was a amulet that represented the protection of the metropolis ‘s walls.[ 36 ]Its absence was believed to be the ground why the Ottoman Turks succeeded their invasion merely 19 old ages subsequently. The twelvemonth 730 was the start of the first iconoclastic period lasing until 787.[ 37 ]It started with Emperor Leo III, who reigned from 717-740. The Iconoclasts believed that icons where immorality and led to the misunderstanding of the Catholic faith. As the Iconoclasts resorted back into symbols and Bible, they tore down icons, believing them as unorthodoxy to their faith. When Leo III died in 740, his boy Constantine V continued the prohibition of during his reign in 741-775.[ 38 ]It was during Constantine V ‘s reign, that the Church of St. Mary of Blachernae was attacked by image breakers. Constantine V ordered the devastation of the interior mosaics that represented a New Testament rhythm and replaced them with vegetational decorations and images of birds.[ 39 ]It was fortunate nevertheless that the Icon of the Virgin Blachernitissa was hidden from devastation at this clip. This first Iconoclastic period was stopped by Empress Irene. Irene acted in the name of her boy Constatine VI, who was excessively immature to govern at the clip. She created and ordered the Second Council of Nicea, which supported Iconophiles.[ 40 ]As Iconophiles, they believed that images were besides stand foring their faith and they were non incorrect in utilizing them. The Council condemned the resistance to icons as unorthodoxy. It is through Irene ‘s actions of the resurgence of icons that she earned the rubric of Saint in the Grecian Orthodox Church. The 2nd iconoclastic period lasted 814-842. This clip it was Emperor Leo V ( reigning from 813-820 ) who instated this new moving ridge of iconoclasm. It was speculated that it was to bring around the recent military failure. Emperors Michael II and Theophilus who succeeded him were besides image breakers. However after Theophilus died, he was succeeded by his boy Michael III. Michael at the clip was excessively immature to reign so his female parent Theodora acted as a trustee for him. Similar to Irene, Theodora was an iconodule and was able to proclaim the Restoration of icons. Now of all time since the resurgence of icons, the first Sunday of Lent is celebrated as the â€Å" Triumph of Orthodoxy. † Figure 4 shows the Icon of the Triumph of Orthodoxy, a picture that was painted on a wooden panel covered with gesso and linen. Its medium was egg poster paint and gold foliage.[ 41 ]The centre of the picture is a portrayal of the Virgin Mary, said to be painted by St. Luke. Empr ess Theodora and her boy, Emperor Michael III, appear on the left of the portrayal. On the right are three monastics with the Patriarch Methodios. This picture was painted more than 500 old ages after the terminal of iconoclasm during the clip when the Byzantine Empire was under menace of invasion by the Ottoman Turks.[ 42 ]Again as it is non normally common for a adult female to be in the picture, Empress Theodora is shown following to her boy in royal robes. Though she is non following to them, Theodora is shown at the same degree as the bishops. In the centre of the picture is the Blachernitissa, the Virgin Mary and kid. The Virgin Mary was a famed icon of her adult female position. It is non surprising that Irene and Theodora were iconophiles. Since the mean Byzantine adult female was housebound for the bulk of their lives, most had a particular dedication to spiritual patterns affecting icons.[ 43 ]It might be due to their life manner that adult females where the most affected when their cherished icons where taken off. The influence adult females had and their dealingss to art during the Byzantine Empire shown to be really of import. It is through the influence of the empresses Pulcheria, Irene and Theodora that impacted graphics despite a judgmental and men-driven environment that shadowed their lives. It is as intriguing and influential as the plant themselves that these adult females were able to act upon the Byzantine populace and the graphics. How to cite The Views On Womens Roles History Essay, Essay examples

Television Dramas Essays - Teen Dramas, Dawsons Creek,

Television Dramas The viewer positioning in television dramas play a very important and critical part in how the drama is portrayed to the audience, and hence this gives an idea on how successful the show will be. Dawson's Creek is a relatively new TV drama aimed at teenagers and the issues they face and have to deal with in society today. The viewer positioning, in relation to the show's themes, construction and values will be discussed and analysed. The "Pilot" episode (first episode of Dawson's Creek) will be referred back to in this essay, as this episode was what propelled Dawson's Creek into becoming the most watched teen show around the world and what made the actors/ actresses into instant stars. Dawson's Creek is about one boy's coming of age journey and his lifelong friendship with a girl from a vastly different home life. The vivid and absorbing relationship between Dawson (James Van Der Beek) and Joey (Katie Holmes) is at the core of the series. Best friends since they were small children, the two are faced with many new challenges ahead of them in their teenage years, ones that would not have arisen in their childhood days. One is sustaining their close friendship in spite of their budding romantic relationship, their emotional, physical and intellectual growth and the changing world around them. Other than Dawson and Joey, the show also revolves around two other central characters, Jen and Pacey. Jen (Michelle Williams) has mysteriously come from New York to stay with her grandparents, but she clearly has an air of mystery surrounding her as she harbours a dark secret from her past. Dawson clearly lusts for her, but when Jen unveils some of her teenage experiences to Dawson, his feelings for her clearly change. Pacey (Joshua Jackson) has been Dawson's best friend, along with Joey, for some time. Pacey lives life fearlessly, and he is eager to discovery what life has laid out for him. His gift for sarcasm is matched only by knack for stumbling awkwardly and unprepared into adult situations. The four are engaged in an intriguing relationship, and are forced to deal with their feelings towards each other. Dawson's Creek is about their journey through life. The show was conceived, developed and written by Kevin Williamson, who continues to serve as executive producer of the series. Dawson's Creek presents a somewhat autobiographical and almost shockingly honest portrayal of teenage characters dealing with real-life issues. Williamson believes that today's teenagers, who are exposed to an unprecedented amount of violence, sex, drugs and unsavory role models, are growing up fast. Dawson's Creek is loosely based on Williamson's real-life experiences growing up in rural North Carolina and the special relationship he shared with his own best friend. As it presents a very honest portrayal of the painful experiences of the teenage years interspersed with incredible moments of pure exhilaration, fun and joy, the show provides a fresh and gripping approach to the vast and diverse universal emotions associated with growing up. Never underestimating the 16-year-old mind, the series deals with sensitive issues that reflect the concerns of the four characters striving for self-awareness, while afraid of losing something special and not being able to find anything to replace it in the future. The agony of surviving puberty intact, discovering their sexuality, unearthing their future and figuring out life in general are just some of the themes that surround the central characters of Dawson's Creek. During a time when friends and family have an enormous impact on their lives and future, Dawson, Joey, Pacey and Jen worry about where they're heading and what they'll be when they grow up. Afraid of doing something stupid, or making mistakes that have lifelong consequences, each of the four characters must learn to deal with the other gender, their own sexuality as well as the question of whether or not to engage in sex, and how those decisions impact their long term friendships. The viewers targeted are clearly teenagers, as the show's themes relate to the issues teenagers face. However, watching Dawson's Creek can satisfy young adults and even the older generation, as it brings back fond, strong and emotional memories of their teenage years. The viewers are positioned to associate with the themes present. Some feelings and memories the audience might have recollected from watching the "Pilot" episode and a few of the following episodes are; how they felt when they experienced their first kiss, or how they felt when they were severely hurt and betrayed by someone, as Mitch (Dawson's dad), and Dawson were

Hampton Machine Tools Company

Hampton Machine Tools Company Executive SummaryStatement of the ProblemSomebody Loan Me a DimeAs the vice president of the St. Louis National Bank (SLNB), Jerry Eckwood needs to decide on whether or not to approve Hampton Machine Tool Company's (Hampton) request to extend payment on an outstanding loan. Benjamin Cowins, president of Hampton, has requested until December 31st, 1979 to pay off their existing note of $1,000,000 ($1M) and also requested an additional loan for equipment of $350,000 ($350K). Given the situation, there are three decision alternatives that must be considered as outcomes. One, Mr. Eckwood declines both the extension and the additional loan and forces the default of Hampton. Two, Mr. Eckwood accepts Mr. Cowins' full proposal and grants the extension as well as the additional loan. Three, Mr. Eckwood uses an alternative solution. The alternative solution can mean granting the extension on the $1M loan but not the $350K extension, or even extending the maturity date. Mr. Eckwood's decision o n whether or not to accept the extension on the $1M loan, as well as the additional $350K equipment loan (or one or the other) will be solely based on Hampton's ability to repay the loans upon the maturity date. This must be ascertained from thorough financial analysis of the company using a pro-forma financial statement, cash budgets, and profitability ratios.DiscussionBoth loans are both at given at an 18% annual interest rate. Mr. Cowins has provided sufficient documentation that indicates the loan will be paid back, as Hampton has many backlogged orders and shipments. However, Hampton has also historically over-projected its sales and shipments.Option 1 should be a last resort due to Mr. Cowins' good and long-standing relationship with St. Louis Bank. If option 1 were taken, SLNB would lose a large, long-term client that has consistently brought in business for...

The Ancient Chinese Chou Dynasty

The Ancient Chinese Chou Dynasty The Chou or Zhou dynasty ruled China from about 1027 to about 221 B.C. It was the longest dynasty in Chinese history and the time when much of ancient Chinese culture developed. The Chou Dynasty followed the second Chinese dynasty, the Shang. Originally pastoralists, the Chou set up a (proto-)feudal social organization based on families with administrative bureaucracy. They also developed a middle class. Although a decentralized tribal system at the beginning, the Zhou became centralized over time. Iron was introduced and Confucianism developed. Also during this long era, Sun Tzu wrote The Art of War, in about 500 B.C. Chinese Philosophers and Religion During the Warring States period within the Chou dynasty, a class of scholars developed, whose members included the great Chinese philosopher Confucius. The Book of Changes was written during the Chou Dynasty. The philosopher Lao Tse was appointed librarian for the historical records of the Chou kings. This period is sometimes referred to as the One Hundred Schools Period. The Chou banned human sacrifice. They saw their success over the Shang as a mandate from heaven. Ancestor worship developed. The Start of the Chou Dynasty Wuwang (Warrior King) was the son of the leader of the Chou (Zhou), who were located on the western border of the Shangs China in what is now Shaanxi province. Wuwang formed a coalition with the leaders of other states to defeat the last, evil ruler of the Shang. They succeeded and Wuwang became the first king of the Chou dynasty (c.1046 to 43 B.C.). Division of the Chou Dynasty Conventionally, the Chou dynasty is divided into the Western or Royal Chou (c.1027 to 771 B.C.) and the Dong or Eastern Chou (c.770 to 221 B.C.) periods. The Dong Zhou itself is subdivided into the Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu) period (c.770 to 476 B.C.), which was named for a book supposedly by Confucius and when iron weapons and farm implements replaced bronze, and the Warring States (Zhanguo) period (c.475 to 221 B.C.). At the start of the Western Chou, the empire of the Chou extended from Shaanxi to the Shandong peninsula and the Beijing area. The first kings of the Chou dynasty gave land to friends and relatives. Like the two previous dynasties, there was a recognized leader who passed power to his descendants. The vassals walled cities, also passed down patriarchally, developed into kingdoms. By the end of the Western Chou, the central government had lost all but nominal power, such as was required for rituals. During the Warring States period, the aristocratic system of warfare changed: peasants fought; there were new weapons, including crossbows, chariots, and iron armor. Developments During the Chou Dynasty During the Chou dynasty in China, ox-drawn plows, iron and iron casting, horseback riding, coinage, multiplication tables, chopsticks, and the crossbow were introduced. Roads, canals, and major irrigation projects were developed. Legalism Legalism developed during the Warring States period. Legalism is a school of philosophy that provided the philosophical background for the first imperial dynasty, the Qin Dynasty. Legalism accepted that humans are flawed and asserted that political institutions should recognize this. Therefore the state should be authoritarian, demanding strict obedience to the leader, and meting out known rewards and punishments. Resources and Further Reading Paul Halsall on the Chinese DynastiesChinese History Zhou DynastyLegalism. (2009). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online: search.eb.com/eb/article-9047627

External Auditors and Fraud Examiners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

External Auditors and Fraud Examiners - Essay Example This paper illustrates that an external auditor is so called as to distinguish him from an internal auditor who is an in-house professional. While the internal auditor is a paid employee of the entity, the external auditor is an independent professional engaged by the entity for a fee and as required by Companies Act.   To be more specific, an external auditor gives his opinion as to whether financial statements are materially correct. He is deemed independent as he has no special relationship and pecuniary interest in the client that might possibly encourage him to ignore adverse facts and evidence of the client the auditor evaluates. Thus, to be independent, the auditor cannot both work under the client as well as act as the client’s external auditor. The external auditor also carries out compliance, operational and forensic audits. Forensic auditing is a special purpose audit to unearth financial frauds and other crimes. Forensic as its meaning (i.e. of the law) suggests, forensic auditors, detect information for being used as litigation support. If the forensic auditor is a CA or CPA, his evidence at trial would lend more credibility although it is not mandatory for a forensic auditor to have a CPA license in the U.S. The external auditor in the process of his auditing activity concludes whether the assertions made in the financial statements are true and fair. The assertions are in the nature of how the business is conducted that is how its business generates income and spends it, how it manages its inventory, how it records information about its property, plant, equipment, its long-term liabilities, equity, cash, and investments. Although forensic auditing and fraud examining are interchangeably used, both are different disciplines. While forensic accounting involves the application of professional accounting skills in a civil or criminal litigation. Thus, most of the fraud examinations are part of forensic accounting, but every forensic accostin g is a fraud examination. For example, an expert may be said to be engaged in forensic accounting while the furnishing value of a property to the court which need not involve any fraud unlike in the case of fraud examination.

Has the auditor lost its relevance as a profession Literature review

Has the auditor lost its relevance as a profession - Literature review Example The secondary data sources have been used to study the previous studies and the empirical literature on the incompetency of the auditors and the adverse consequences faced the public due to their irresponsible activities. The literature review then assesses the justification of the expenses incurred for the purpose of auditing and the value that has been added as a result of auditing activities. The questions asked on the relevance of auditing function, mainstream and the alternative viewpoints on the topic have been reviewed. The recommendations on the ways of adding relevance to the auditing profession have also been included in this study. Historical background The auditors and their functions of auditing have never in such a limelight as ever before. The occurrence of the global financial crisis has raised concerns in the US, UK, Belgium, Singapore and in many other countries of the effectiveness of the auditing profession in the industry. The economic debacle exposed the ineffic iencies in the auditing practices conducted by the auditors. The US Senate, parliaments in different countries of Europe have started to relook into exploring a new model for auditing practices as its was felt that the auditors and their profession of auditing has lost its relevance in streamlining the business records, identifying the gaps and loophole and help the business to keep fair and transparent financial records for public disclosure. Several companies in the past have been involved in the financial scams where there balance sheets and financial statements have been inflated and thereby misled the investors about the true financial status of the companies. For example, Enron has been earmarked as the biggest audit failure in the history when they showed poor standards in auditing of financial statements mainly due to the mal intentions of their board of directors that led to the incorrect disclosure of financial statements to its shareholders. The eventual fall of performan ce of Enron brought out the truth and finally Enron Corporation went bankrupt. The impacts of failure of auditing were hugely felt during the global financial crisis. The accountability for lack of transparency in the financial statements was affixed to the auditors (Kornberger, Justesen and Mouritsen, 2011, p.525). Hence, the costs incurred and the time and energy spent in the profession of auditing were felt as unnecessary burdens with the advent of control technologies and automated systems to streamline the financial records and information. Methodologies The methodologies adopted for carrying out the activities of auditing is important in establishing the relevance and effectiveness of the auditors. The auditors are the final check points of the financial information to be disclosed to the public after their certification. Thus the methodology adopted by them for evaluating the values of the assets and liabilities of the company in judging the correctness of the financial infor mation is very important. The auditors follow the method of going concern in assessing the value of the assets and liabilities of the companies. This raises the complications in the activities of the auditing profession. The method of going

Warehouse Performance Management in Tesco

Warehouse Performance Management in Tesco BACKGROUND: Tesco being the 4th largest online retailer as per revenue and 2nd largest online grocery retailer as per profit is constantly increasing its online grocery business which is being done from its Superstore chain. Tesco introduced a DOTCOM dedicated store more commonly known as DCOS (Dotcom only store) in Aylesford in 2009, which was a huge success and a boost to its online grocery business. As it was highly disturbing for the local superstores carrying out Dotcom business within them in line with the other regular store operations, it was becoming a quite a need to open a dedicated store Dotcom store in London, which TESCO did made possible by opening another DCOS in Greenford London. Tesco needed to reduce the impact of the Dotcom operation in certain stores at the same time addressing space constraints for the Van numbers in particular geographic areas, with a store-based order fulfillment model. This led Tesco to re-evaluate the potential for a dedicated facility. Being a Tesco DCOS employee myself, I am very well known that the Product Availability is the highest priority in any DCOS or a superstore running Dotcom in it. Tweaking the performance of Warehouse is one of the key possibilities to make that high priority element easy to live with. According to Goh and Pinaikul (1998) for a company to run and have a sound and effective supply chain operations, companies have put a lot of their time and effort in this field. If the logistics of a company is well handled, it can take a company to a different level of success and it becomes easy for a company to defeat its rivals (Mentzer et al., 2004). With the new advancements in technologies there is always room for improvement and upgrades in a companys Warehouse Management. In DCOS Warehouse Management case there is a large number of logistic operations taking place. There have been many researches which discussed how to improve the performance of a companys warehouse by adapting different models and how to implement them. Moreover, this research will provide the company with the better understating of how to enhance its performance by measuring its performance with the variable benchmarking. Competitive advantage can be gained over rivals if the companys WMS is flexible and any process that is not performing well can be used as a benchmark to measure Warehouse Managements performance. Any flaws or drawbacks that maybe present in the current Warehouse Management Techniques will be reduced / diminished by the help of this research. LITERATURE REVIEW: WAREHOUSE MANAGAMENT: To have a very successful and efficient supply chain, an organisation has to focus on some major operations like warehouses. In todays day and age a firm is considered to be a flop which does not take care of its warehouse management functions. It has become vital for companies who manufactures on a large scale and in bulk to be efficient if their warehouse management system is not able to help company in all economic climates (Henneberry, 1987; Power et al., 2007). As per Brown (1990) and Lindley et al., (2008) there are numerous factors that are responsible for the vitality of warehouse management systems (WMS) some of which are that customers can place orders recently a new trend in the market has started in which people are leasing their land or building warehouses and then leasing them to different companies. This trend only came in to existence because of this mounting need of warehouses by mass producers and retailers (Jones and Hillier, 2000) Warehouses can be defined in different ways but as per Gunasekaran et al., (1999) a warehouse can be defined as a place where commodities and goods are saved and stored for many reasons like social, commercial and assets safety. The designs of warehouses should be able to provide company with different technical and operations (Hassan, 2002; Faber et al., 2002). Warehouses are facilities that provide the right environmental conditions for the storage of finished goods and/or materials that require protection from the elements, as well as ensure commercial security and social safety (Gunasekaran et al., 1999). As such, warehouses have to be designed to satisfy a combination of several technical and operational requirements (Hassan, 2002; Faber et al., 2002). According to Lodree et al., (2004); Gaur and Ravindran, (2006) the basic functions that should be present in a warehouse are engineering structural capacity to bear the loads of the materials to be stored as well as the associated handling equipment, receiving and shipping operations and associated trucking, and the requirements of the operating personnel. Store-keeping places hold very important for proper warehouse management Gaur and Ravindran, (2006). As per Lambert et al. (1998) there are more than 750,000 warehouses around the globe. These include private leasing warehouses, state of art warehouses, highly sophisticated warehouses, storage warehouses for companies and self-storage places. Lambert et al. (1998) further says that if the warehouses need so much money to have and operate then why they exist? He answers his own question and says that they play a vital role in companys supply chain management and they are usually build and kept to help companies in achieving transport and production economies, quality purchase discount and forward buys. Warehouses are a key factor in any organizations operations. Their main purpose is to supply, circulate, store, consolidate and changeover cargo. Henneberry (1987) and Power et al. (2007) claim that in todays day and age to consider profitable allocation or to consider large scale manufacture it is vital to give thought to the role of warehousing. According to Brown (1990); Lindley et al., (2008) partly because of the increasing dependence on the electronic alternatives for order placing by commercial and private customers and also to the manufactured goods industry the demand for warehousing is on an all-time high. Due to this demand of electronic order placing a greater weight is placed on distribution centres to hold the right amount of all the different stocks in order to meet clientele demands. Warehousing is required due to the developing capability in stockholding by vendors and producers. contributions.jpg Boasting a direct impact in flexibility, operational costs and service levels warehouse operations prove that they are indeed indispensable (Baker and Halim, 2007). Warehouse operations being those of warehouse location, goods handling, warehouse design, inventory and storage guidelines hold a great importance in addressing the specific issues which are faced in achieving strategic goals. These issues can only be addressed once an organization has distinct strategies that will help define their long term performance (Bowersox et al 2002, p. 389; Bowersox and Closs 1996, p. 396). As stated by Korpela and Lehmusvaara (1999, p. 135) a major point to consider when allocating warehouses or distribution centres (DCs) is their location. This is a very important decision and requires a lot of thought as it will determine the continuing profitability of the organization, affect customer services and relations, costs and delivery schedules. As pointed out by Huertas et al. (2007) a great emphasis is placed on the layout of the facility as it is a major deciding factor in the success of an organization. The warehouses layout depends on its specific operational demands and distinctiveness i.e. modularity, flexibility, compliance, allocation of arrangements, convenience, and neatness. The design of the layout varies according to the nature of the organizations operations and has to be adapted as per those operational requirements meaning there is no set layout or methodology to follow. Because of the diversity of factors influencing a warehouses operations such as rack types and entrances, gangway entrance and harbour locations, selecting an adequate layout for any given case is not unimportant especially the usage of pallitization (Huertas et al. 2007). Those responsible for the development of these warehouse services need to focus around the understanding of the necessities of the businesses that will vacate these premises (Reichhart and Holweg, 2008). According to Varila et al., (2007) most warehousing development is an approximation of how the market in storehouse rental could evolve. Formerly to meet these types of demands made by most retailers and manufacturers was easier, as most of their needs had been met within their organization. Ultimately resulting in relative ease in the prediction of vacancy levels, also the ease in establishing the capability of warehousing; the support available to promote proficient use of the services (Rubrico et al., 2008). The main activities that play a vital role in the performance of a warehouse as defined by Koster and Warffemius (2005) are as follows: Internal product relocation, Return handling, Cycle counting, Quality inspection, and Cross-docking As a result of the above research one can come to the conclusion that in todays day and age warehouses plays a crucial yet multifaceted role in many supply chains. Baker and Halim (2007) emphasize that a warehouse makes up to 20% of the total logistics cost of an organization. And their critical role as great customer service providers in particular distribution centres as they are the final point of contact. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND: Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 from a small grocery stall. And now it is the fourth largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and second largest retailer in the world measured by profits. Started from the 25p Stock Market share, it is now making a profit of more than  £200m. Tesco is now widely spread into more than 13 countries, including China and India. Tesco.com, commonly known as DOTCOM is the UKs most successful online retailer. Launched in 1996, and officially registered in 2000, it is one of the fastest growing business selling everything from vegetables to computers, electronic appliances to normal grocery via internet. Back to its beginning, it started making its 1st annual turnover of  £25m and was started from a single store. These days their average weekly turnover is around  £30m and they currently employee thousands of people in stores across the UK making the DOTCOM procedure possible. AIM, OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS: The existing warehouse management of Dotcom Only store TESCO Greenford is appraised. The primary aim is to recommend set of measures and strategies which can be used to measure the performance and eliminate wastes, respectively. By studying TESCO Greenfords warehouse management and conducting interviews with the senior managers, the weaknesses within their warehouse management will be identified and the solutions would be provided by relating it with the strategies available in the literature of this field and moulding it to the specific needs of TESCO DOTCOM Greenford. However, the core purpose of this research is to set the performance measures and eliminate wastes by identifying them in the complete Warehouse Management system implemented in all the TESCO Dotcom only stores. The research aims to benefit managers in understanding the weakness and the processes which are wastes. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: In order to answer a question, a proper research has to be conducted (Zikmund, 2003). When a standard set of procedures and rules are followed to answer a research issue and to validate the findings attained by a systematic approach is called as research methodology (Ghauri and Granhaug, 2005). It has been widely observed that there is no fix method of conducting a research but a research should answer the question and should be relevant to the available data (Hussey and Hussey 1997). According to Schindler and Cooper (2001); Collins and Hussey (2003); Denscombre (2003) the result outcomes should be the main centre focus point for any research methodology. Substantiation of adopted research technique is briefly discussed in this section. Research design has been carefully selected to discuss the issues of the research for this particular research. The following plan is adopted: Research Philosophy: This will explain that which philosophy is used to develop the understanding of research. Research Design: This will provide with the design that is used to conduct the research. Research Approaches: this will discuss the major kinds of approaches and which one is adopted for this research. Research Data collection: this section will define the steps involved in the collection of the data For the purpose of this research we have used the research ONION which was introduced by Saunders et al. in 2000 and then it kept on modifying. According to Saunders et al., (2009) the last shape of Onion is given below: Research Philosophy: As we have discussed in order to go around this dissertation, the Onion process is used. So first of all the requirement of explaining the research philosophy is a must (Saunders et al., 2009). Research philosophy is basically an embarkation for the understanding of the knowledge upon which the research is based (Saunders et al., 2009). In summary we agree with Johnson and Clark (2006:108) that its not important how philosophical the research is and how well it is delivered but the way on how we reflect ourselves through those philosophies. There are many types of philosophies which are explained by Saunders et al. (2009) and are shown in the table below Table 5: Types of Philosophies Type Meaning Pragmatism Do you have to adopt one position? Ontology What assumptions do we make about the way in which world works? Objectivism How social entities exist independent of social actors? Subjectivism Understanding the meanings that individuals attach to social phenomena Epistemology What is acceptable knowledge in a particular field of study? Positivism Working in the tradition of the natural scientist Realism Do objects exist independently of our knowledge of their existence? Interpretivism Understanding differences between humans as social actors Axiology What roles do our values play in our research? However for the purpose of this research we will only briefly discuss four main kinds of research philosophies. Positivism This kind of approaches provides researcher with a feeling of a scientist and it is conducted in the same way as any normal scientist will conduct a research (Saunders et al., 2009). Remenyi et al. (1998) has supported this idea that a research creates a hypothesis just like a scientist does when conducting a natural research. Realism Realism approach means that the philosophical things are different then the reality (Saunders et al., 2009). He explains it in detail by saying that realism is a branch of epistemology and it has two sub divisions in business and management research which are direct realism and critical realism. According to Saunders et al (2009) by focusing on the knowhow of generating a common understanding of humans and basing it on the experience of external factors that have at one point impacted a business research can be conducted. However these factors that have impacted an organization may not provide suitable evidence to the exact situation. Interpretivism This kind of research is explained by Saunders et al. (2009) as a research in which the researcher has to bear in mind that all the humans are social actors and they all have a viewpoint towards things. He further explains that in this kind of research, a research has to get involved into details of the social world of the research question and has to observe the point through their i.e. social actors point of view. Pragmatism Saunders et al. (2009) argues that pragmatism is that the most important factor is that what type of question you adopt for research and one may be more important than the other in order to achieve the answer. He further uses the support of Tashakkori and Teddlie (1998) who suggests that it is more appropriate for the researcher in a particular study to think of the philosophy adopted as a continuum rather than opposite positions (Saunders et al., 2009, pp 109). Saunders et al. (2009) says that the research philosophies can be explained in more detail by the use of a concept known as research paradigms. Furthermore, this terminology, paradigm, is usually used in social science researchers and can become a cause of confusion as it gives birth to many meanings of one things. Research Design There are many ways to conduct a business research and there is as such no limitation which says that one research is superior over another (Hair et al, 2003). One may think that the data is qualitative or quantitative or may be both but again its all on how you want it to be (Jankowicz, 2003; Stevenson and Cooper, 1997). EXPLORATORY RESEARCH This can be used by people who are not highly knowledgeable and is completely based on the exploration. On the other hand, this research can be used for companies and industries which are highly innovative and are always evolving into new things. The importance of this type of research can be determined by the words of Swaddling and Zobel (1996) in the following pattern: When conducted well, exploratory research provides a window into consumer perceptions, behaviours, and needs. It enables companies to produce new products and make them successful easily. Highly level decision and a better understanding of market can be gained by such research. This type of research leads company into the innovation of new products and these products being a result of exploration is always very beneficial and profitable for companies. Research Approaches There are many kinds of researches approaches and any of them can be used to attain the answer of ones research (Saunders et al., 2003; 2009). The selected approach basically reflects the way theory was built when the project was initiated and is most critical selection (Creswell, 2003; Saunders et al., 2009). In general there are 5 major approaches and any of them can be adopted. According to Zikmund (2003) there are two major approaches i.e. Theoretical and Methodological and both of these are divided into sub category of Inductive/Deductive and qualitative/quantitative, respectively. While on the other hand Collis and Hussey (2003); Gray (2004); Hussey and Hussey (1997); Mangan et al. (2004) all agree that there are two major kinds of approaches which are Deductive and Inductive. Now in recent years another researchers introduced a new kind of research which is known as Abductive (Kovacs and Spens 2005; Saunders et al., 2009). We will discuss each approach briefly and will select the one that is most suitable for the purpose of this research. DATA COLLECTION: One of the most important parts of any research is the data collection method. There are several methods of collecting data but the method is completely dependent upon how the research is conducted (Creswell, 2003). Due to the nature of this research deductive technique is used and to collect data for such technique is defined by different researchers in a different way. Amongst all the methods researchers agree upon few like Sampling, Secondary data, Observation, interviews and Questionnaire (Saunders et al., 2003; Yin, 2003; Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al, 2009). Each step is discussed briefly as following: Secondary Data collection: The data which is collected by someone else and not by user is generally referred to as a secondary data (Saunders et al., 2009). The secondary data can be qualitative or quantitative (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Secondary data is beneficial if the cost issues exist or the time is not trying to be wasted and this kid of data can also be descriptive or exploratory (Saunders et al., 2009). Data collection technique: Initial information would be collected by the communication with the strategic level manager of TECO Dotcom Greenford and the website of the Dotcom Stores Tesco and the main website of the Tesco Plc. These websites would be used to collect the general background of the company. Later on Warehouse Manager of Tesco Dotcom Greenford will be provided with the some information which includes the current situations of the Warehouse Management of the store and the interaction between its clients. The literature review will be providing the support on the research on overall basis as well. Primary Data Collection: secondary data is usually not always enough to understand and answer the research (Saunders et al., 2009). This kind of data can only be collected by having a deeper understanding of the issues and is usually targeted to answer the specific issues (Ghauri, 2005 and Saunders et al., 2009). Furthermore, it is explained that there are three major ways to collect primary data i.e. in depth interviews, questionnaires and observations which usually reflects the situation in detail and gives a researcher with a clearer picture of the situation (Creswell, 2003; Saunders et al., 2009). Data collection technique: Primary data would be collected by paying visits to the Tesco Dotcom Greenford, conducting in depth face-to-face interviews with the managers at Tesco Dotcom Greenford and then a detailed telephonic interview with the Warehouse Manager at Aylesford Dotcom Only Store, as they are directly involved in the issues faced by Tesco Dotcom Greenford at the moment (a good reason why Aylesford is involved with the problems faced by Greenford store is because it is the only relevant store of the type in UK and is up and running successfully). The interviews would be provided with the great deal of understanding of the situation. Later on, observation would be made about the processes happening at Tesco Dotcom Greenford and the email conversations between Tesco Dotcom Greenford and its suppliers. The issue with the palletisation and inventory is the major issue between Tesco Dotcom Greenford and Suppliers. Once the data would be collected then the communication through email will continue in order to fulfil any other requirement to conduct this research.

German Philosophers Essay

My paper is about Kant’s ideas of progression which shall focus on a study of his works such as â€Å"Idea for a Universal History† and his most famous work â€Å"What is Enlightenment? † as basis for analysis. This paper also explains the opposing views of Mendelssohn from Kant’s ideas of progression. It will compare Mendelssohn’s idea of enlightenment from that of Kant. His contribution to the emancipation of Jews will be discussed too. I will include also some ideas from other philosophers like Nietzsche on The Genealogy of Morality and Hegel on the philosophy of history. The opposing views of Mendelssohn on progression are also discussed pointing his views on secularization and enlightenment in relation to Kant’s views. A little will be discussed on Kant’s Perpetual Peace essay pointing it on a philosophical manner. Other philosopher such as Nietzsche’s views on morality using his work On the Genealogy of Morality shall be discussed in relation with Kant’s two ways of distinguishing judgments (ethical and aesthetic theory). Introduction The primary objective of this paper is to discuss Kant’s historical theory of progression. The first approach in understanding his ideas is to touch in his historical philosophy. Since the system used for reconstructing Kant’s philosophical history is critical it results to unsatisfactory remarks thus the use of a horizontal approach is necessary. A more general issue of philosophical matters will usually submerge using the historical philosophy approach. This approach is helpful in understanding the dialogue between contemporaries because it particular criticizes the idea of progression. The Kant’s theory of progression involves a strong case of particular criticism addressing these objections: (i) the rejection of the idea of progression due to religion’s being secularized; (ii) that his ideas on progression are chronologically unfair because this try to mean that the earlier generation gets a raw deal; (iii) that progression delivers the species into endless unsatisfaction; (iv) that progression adds to a harmful homogenization which may eliminate traditional values and practices (McCloughan 2003). The ways of judgment as distinguished by Kant such as the priori judgment and the posteriori judgment; the former judgment explains that something is known a priori if it is neither derived from nor testable by sense experience while the latter judgments is derived from or is testable by experience. These judgment means that we have no certain knowledge about experience, and according to Kant, he believed that we had such knowledge thus we ask the question: â€Å"How are synthetic a priori judgment? † On the other hand, in Mendelssohn’s mind, aesthetics in relationship to Kant’s theory of aesthetic is closely interrelated with psychology (Kant 1983). I. What is progress? â€Å"Progress† is a broad term that is believed to be an act of rejection throughout history by human communities of their attitude. However, an increasing number of intellectuals believe that the methods and spirit of science must be applied to all fields. Because of this belief, the idea of progress came to include a concept of social and moral progress. It was stated that the cumulative improvement in human knowledge and power that had been brought about in the physical sciences could also be brought about in the organization of human society and its character if only these barriers against the employment of rational methods in morals, religion, and politics could be eradicated (McCloughan 2003). In pre-modern Western culture, the idea of progress challenged the thought that the golden age of humankind devised in the past and that the aging of the Earth involves decay for it and analogous to the aging of individual living organisms. Moreover, the idea of progress implies a trend to history and time that contrasts sharply with the cyclical conceptions of time and of history that is dominant in ancient history. Finally, the idea of progress implies an activist role for humans in defining their well-being and in causing it, in the present and for the future (McCloughan 2003). II. Kant’s idea of progression and his ways of judgment According to Kant, humanity, as whole, was gradually progressing towards enlightenment that there is a progression that expresses the idea of the history of humankind. Moreover, it is directing towards a goal, which led to the development of shifting interpretations of this abstract notion. Kant stresses the unplanned character of the development of history, which is more likely to go after on its way to a cosmopolitan world order. ‘Progress’ toward the commencement of perpetual peace will be unpredictable and painful because while the process is undergoing, progress will adopt a more regular pace. Progress would also take the form of a more balanced development of human capacities. Both at the national and international levels, spontaneous antagonism will not only holds up the process of development, but also ensures that such development as has taken place has failed to put attention to the all-important moral dimension (Kant 1983). Progression would be the universal history of all humanity and it is very comprehensive that often takes the case with traditional universal histories, the future as well as the past. Nevertheless, progression is more than just a collection of all facts falling under the intersection of the concepts ‘human’ and ‘history’. According to Kant, this would amount to what he calls an ‘aggregate’, a mere ‘distributive unity’, and would fail to satisfy reason’s demand for ‘systematic’ or ‘collective unity’ (Kant 1983). When human beings emerge from his self-incurred minority, it is called Enlightenment that is, on a public level, the application of one’s own understanding, improvement without the help of another individual. Kant asserted that it is the freedom of thought and all individuals can attain this freedom indiscriminately. While I agree that enlightenment transcends economic class and race, freedom of thought but it cannot practically be extended to everyone (Kant 1983). Furthermore, in Kant’s words, progress may be associated with human reason and talks about how things are presented to us. Human understanding is only concerned of how it works but it not concern with the foundations. In Kant’s mind, however, neither sciences nor philosophy must answer to those questions, since this separate their innate capacities. Nevertheless, this does not mean that it is less worthwhile to answer questions on one side because he said that we could not construct any serious progress in physics, for example, while we argue over the issue of whether it is logically consistent to talk about laws of nature. However, it does mean that whatever we are doing we are in an important respect, stopping to do philosophy. If this is correct, then there is no chance of achieving progress in philosophy by adopting a paradigm that helps achieve progress, but only by making it cease to be philosophy (Kant 1983). Kant saw the problem of knowledge was on the issue of how to connect the† is† of sense experience with the â€Å"must† of necessary and universal truth. First, we distinguish analytic from synthetic judgments. An analytic judgment can be ascertained by looking on the truth of such judgment which can be know by an analysis of the subject while a synthetic judgment can be ascertained by looking at the truth of such a statement which cannot be known through an analysis of the subject (McCloughan 2003). Philosophers before Kant stated that an analytic judgment was known a priori while the synthetic judgment was known a posteriori. The former were always and necessarily true but true only about the meaning and relation of words not about the world while the latter judgment was about the world but they could only be contingent or probable truths. Kant believed that we have no certain knowledge about experience and we had such knowledge. As a solution, he further adds that experience provides the content and the mind provides the structures that determine the way in which the content will be organized and understood (McCloughan 2003). III. Kant on the issue of morality Kant says in a moral sphere that he has denied knowledge to make room for faith because he believe that moral law cannot be justified by reason it can only be obeyed on its own sake. According to Kant’s ethical theory, which rests on the concept of duty, a good person acts out of duty not because he fears punishment but because it his duty. The categorical imperative states that a person should act in such a way that it are possible for one to will that the maxim of ones action should become a universal law (Kant 1983). On the other hand, according to Kant’s aesthetic theory, which holds that judgment, give beauty to something, although they rest on feeling, but have valid claims although these are mere statements of taste or of opinion. This concept involves a judgment, which are on purpose for example, when a person judges something to be beautiful there is harmony of the experienced object with mental structure (Kant 1983). IV. Mendelssohn’s Views Mendelssohn believed that destiny should be divided into two separate categories. The first is the personal, private, and intellectual destiny of man; and the second was the destiny as a citizen of a state or a public, duty-oriented destiny. In an enlightened society according to him, the need for culture is ideally eliminated and substituted by the virtues of Enlightenment (Mendelssohn 1983). Moreover, another important truth about the Enlightenment thinking is the possession of knowledge through experience and observation, education, and self-probing on an intellectual and spiritual level. Moreover, by fulfilling these quests shall lead you to the path of Enlightenment. The idea of Mendelssohn on Enlightenment has distinguished the destiny of man through his roles as both a citizen of a state and between the role of a human to morality, religion, and personal philosophy. He discovers that this distinction is necessary because he believes that the personal interests of man as a human can do conflict with the interests of public man. According to him, the ideals of Enlightenment should be limited in their availability to man when it is in the best interest of the state and they should not meddle with work ethics or motivations, as they are necessary to the functioning of society (Mendelssohn 1983). V. Mendelssohn’s contribution to Jewish thought and secularization Mendelssohn’s principal contribution to Jewish thought concerns a declaration of inconsistency while he supports the abolition of excommunication while remaining loyal to biblical law, and is willing to overlook such coercion. In Mendelssohn’s reply, â€Å"Jerusalem Or On Religious Power and Judaism† which was one of the first works in German to plead for freedom of conscience in religious matters, separates church and state, and the civil rights for the Jews. According to him, both states and church have as their final goals the promotion of human happiness. The state is permitted to enforce specific actions, whereas the church’s task is to convince its followers of their religious and ethical duties through persuasion alone (Mendelssohn 1983). Mendelssohn replied to the question of the continued authority of Jewish law, and said that the ceremonial law originating from the Hebrew Bible is binding solely on the Jewish people and Judaism is a religion of revealed legislation but not of revealed beliefs. He further said that the existence and unity of God, the reality of divine providence, and the immortality of the soul should be declared on the grounds of natural reason, not miracles or supernatural revelation. Mendelssohn was concerned with freedom inside one religion as well as freedom of religion for minority communities but he is still confirming the continued authority of Jewish law. He argued that by identifying the church and state in biblical Israel should end with the destruction of the ancient association of states and laws that preserve the universal principles of Jewish faith against errors into idolatry and polytheism. Until God arranges another indubitable supernatural revelation to the Jewish people, these laws will not lose their force to replace that of Mount Sinai. However, loyalty to the Jewish law does not prevent the Jews from expecting the legitimate duties of citizenship in an enlightened society (Mendelssohn 1983). Mendelssohn was seen as a forebear of the conflicting trends of German Jewry but Kant as well as Hegel viewed his synthesis of philosophical theism and traditional religious observance as outdated. Nevertheless, he was revered by the Enlighteners for having moved from the ghetto to modern society without abandoning the Jewish tradition or the Jewish people. However, Mendelssohn was criticized for having paved the way to the loss of Jewish distinctiveness and, therefore, to assimilation. In retrospect, his thought and life can be seen to have posed some of the fundamental issues of Jewish religious survival in secular, liberal society (Mendelssohn 1983).

Karl Marx And Its Impact On Society - 1306 Words

Introduction When a citizen of the United States thinks of economics, the term â€Å"supply and demand† normally comes into mind. That is because the United States’ economy is one of Capitalism. Under this economic and political system, there is a private ownership of production and consumption, as well as a free market for goods and services. Karl Marx believed in a utopian society where there isn’t a private ownership of production, where the state owns the means of production and the society would be classless. Although Marx did not believe in religion, parts of his theory can compare to certain ideas in the Bible. However, the eventual Communism that Marxism led to does not agree with God’s word. Influences of Marxism Karl Marx was born into a Jewish family in Trier, Germany in the year 1818. When Marx was a child, his family moved to a town that was predominately Lutheran. Marx’s father Heinrich Marx, formally known as Herschel, broke the paternal line of Rabbi’s in their family to get a secular education and become a lawyer. In order to escape anti-sematic legislation, Herschel converted to the â€Å"reasonable† religion of Lutheranism and changed his name. As Karl grew older, Heinrich noticed much stubbornness in his son. He wrote Karl letters begging him to conform to society and to not waste his time on things that would be useless later in life. Karl eventually followed his father’s advice and went to the University of Bonn. At the end of his first year, he transferred toShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Karl Marx769 Words   |  3 PagesA person does not have to positively impact the world to be influential. Karl Marx certainly left a mark on the world, but whether his impact was revolutionary or simply detrimental is up to debate. Marx was largely influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment figures like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Hegel. 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